sides,” suggesting prominence for that side. In chapter 8 a ram with two horns appears; one of the horns was longer than the other. This extra length also suggests prominence or importance. Given these parallels, the textual identification of four of the five kingdoms is easily understood and is obviously authoritative. The fourth kingdom is not specifically named by the text. But following the great empires of Babylon, Persia, and Greece, the fourth kingdom in all likelihood is Rome. Chapter 2 Chapter
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